Les bières au Burkina Faso
Sobbra
La bière pain liquide universel est présent sur tous les continents. Dans de nombreux pays la cohabitation règne entre la bière industrielle fabriquée dans des usines temples de l'acier inoxydable et des boissons de type bière fabriquées artisanalement voire familialement. Ainsi en Afrique, parallèlement aux bières des grands groupes financiers internationaux Heineken, Guiness ou Castel, se développent des bières artisanales, des bières troubles souvent brassées par des fermes regroupées en corporations puissantes du point de vue socio-économique.
Nous développerons le thème de la bière en Afrique en introduisant tout d'abord les définitions législatives, ethnologiques de la bière. La fabrication des bières exotiques permettra de considérer les phénomènes biochimiques et microbiologiques. L'origine de la bière sera alors évoquée avec la question : "la bière, une origine africaine ?". Enfin, un voyage aux pays des bières africaines permettra de visualiser les bières industrielles ainsi que les bières traditionnelles à base de sorgho, de banane ou le munkogo du shaba qui conserve encore bien des mystères.
Un ethnologue Bertrand HELL a publié en 1982 aux Editions Jean-Pierre Gyss un excellent ouvrage original "L'homme et la bière". Il propose les définitions suivantes auxquelles j'ajoute quelques commentaires personnels :
- VIN
un don de DIEU résultat de la fermentation spontanée des seuls sève, jus ou exsudat d'un végétal - BIERE
résulte du travail de l'HOMME boisson alcoolisée obtenue par fermentation d'un moût sucré obtenu par la transformation de matières amylacées. - PILS
bière blonde aromatisée par du houblon produite historiquement à la fin du siècle dernier à PILSEN en Tchéquie. Par extension le terme sera utilisé pour définir une bière pâle industrielle. - DOLO
bière traditionnelle du BURKINA FASO obtenue à partir de sorgho malté par extension le terme sera utilisé pour définir une bière traditionnelle autochtone. - COCA-COLA
boisson du diable génératrice de dollars
La bière, au Burkina, est bu dans tous les maquis. On a le choix entre la So.B.Bra, la bière du Burkina, La flag, la castel, la guiness (cameroun), les prix sont souvent de 400 FCFA pour une bouteille en verre de 50cl.
écrit par Jimmy à 10:45
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